Exercise handout and one-on-one hand therapy for management of stiffness after plaster cast immobilization of simple phalangeal and metacarpal fractures in children: A randomized,noninferiority trial

Study DesignThis is a noninferior, single-blind, randomized controlled trial.IntroductionJoint stiffness is common after plaster cast immobilization for simple phalanx and metacarpal fractures in children. The limited literature suggests this joint stiffness in children resolves without one-on-one therapy; however, without robust studies confirming that there is no detrimental effect from withdrawing treatment, many children are still referred.Purpose of the StudyThe purpose of this study was to determine if an educational handout for self-management of stiffness is noninferior to one-on-one hand therapy for achieving full range of motion (ROM).MethodsParticipants were randomly assigned to group one who received the handout or group two who received hand therapy in addition to the handout. The ROM was measured by composite flexion and total active motion (TAM). The noninferiority margin was 10% difference between the two groups in the proportion of participants who achieved full ROM at two weeks after cast removal.ResultsSixty participants in each group completed the study. Group difference for composite flexion was 1.7% (95% CI: −3.9% to 7.2%), demonstrating noninferiority. Group difference for TAM was inconclusive at 8.3% (95% CI: −2.1% to 18.7%). Sensitivity analysis adjusting for participants with full composite flexion at the baseline resulted in the group difference for composite flexion of 3.1% (95% CI: −3.6% to 9.8%), maintaining noninferiority, but group difference for TAM at 10.4% (95% CI: 0.0% to 20.9%), was inconclusive with the handout group significantly worse.ConclusionAn educational handout is noninferior to hand therapy for achieving full ROM in composite flexion but not TAM. This needs to be taken into consideration for changing clinical practise.     

手部多发掌骨骨折术后的功能康复指导疗效评价

目的探讨手部多发掌骨骨折患者术后进行功能康复指导的临床疗效。方法 92例手部多发掌骨骨折患者依据是否早期行康复治疗分成康复组(50例)与普通组(42例)。普通组采取常规治疗,康复组在普通组治疗基础上进行功能康复指导。对比两组治疗效果及并发症发生情况。结果康复组治疗总有效率为92.0%高于普通组的76.2%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。康复组并发症发生率为8.0%低于普通组的23.8%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论手部多发掌骨骨折患者术后尽早进行康复锻炼,可有效减少并发症发生,可最大程度的恢复手部功能,对提升患者生活质量,恢复正常生活作用显著,建议临床应用。     

Orbital floor restoration with traction of the infraorbital nerve using a vessel loop in posterior orbital floor fractures

BackgroundThe authors retracted the infraorbital nerve (ION) using a vessel loop to explore the orbital floor fracture site and analysed when the traction of the ION was needed.MethodsIn ninety-one patients, the location of the fracture according to its position relative to the infraorbital groove, the location of the infraorbital groove from the midpoint of the orbital floor, and involvement of the ION in the fracture site were recorded retrospectively from computed tomography scans. An analysis of any associations between the traction of ION and the location of the fracture and ION passage was performed.ResultsTraction of the ION was performed in 14 cases, of which 10 cases had involvement of the ION in the fracture site and 4 cases did not. All of them were posterior fractures. In 51 cases with posterior fractures, the ION passage in patients who had ION traction was statistically located more medially (0.50 ± 1.19 mm) than in patients who had no traction (2.38 ± 1.12 mm) (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe ION may interfere with the exposure of the fracture site in a posterior orbital floor fracture with the involvement of the ION in the fracture site and a medially located ION passage.     

旷置螺钉孔技术在钢板内固定治疗四肢骨干骨折的临床应用

目的：探讨旷置螺钉孔对钢板螺丝钉内固定系统稳定性和骨折愈合的影响。方法：回顾性分析2010年3月-2012年3月收治的60例四肢骨干骨折患者的临床资料,根据是否主动旷置螺钉孔分为旷置组和非旷置组,每组各30例。分析比较两组患者总的疗效,包括：骨痂出现时间、骨折愈合时间（临床愈合、骨性愈合）、内固定失效率（骨不连发生率、钢板断裂发生率）、临床疗效等方面进行比较分析。结果：两组总疗效比较,旷置组优于非旷置组。临床疗效优良率：旷置组为93.3%,非旷置组为80%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。术后出现骨痂时间：旷置组为（9.16±1.70）周,非旷置组为（11.20±1.60）周,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;临床愈合时间：旷置组为（12.82±2.68）周,非旷置组为（15.36±3.66）周,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;骨性愈合时间：旷置组为（4.51±1.46）个月,非旷置组为（7.06±1.21）个月,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;术后旷置组骨不连发生率为0,非旷置组为3.3%;旷置组钢板断裂发生率为0,非旷置组为3.3%。结论：合理使用旷置螺钉孔技术对钢板螺丝钉内固定系统稳定性没有显著性影响,符合生物学固定原则;同时,由于有效保护骨折断端的血运,促进了骨折的愈合,减少骨不连、钢板断裂现象,是一种简单可行的操作技术,值得基层医院推广。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗急性椎体骨折的临床分析

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术(PVP)对治疗急性椎体骨折的临床应用价值.方法选择34例急性椎体骨折患者,骨折的部位为椎体的前部和(或)中部,患者均不伴有神经功能障碍.选择椎体骨折相对严重的一侧注入聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(商品名骨水泥,PMMA),PMMA的剂量为2～6ml.分别在术前、术后48h记录疼痛分数和功能水平(巴塞尔指数)以评价治疗效果.结果34例患者中粉碎性骨折18例,41个骨折的椎体进行PVP治疗.术前的疼痛分数为18.09±1.50,术后48h为6.74±1.42,两者有显著性差异(P＜0.001).巴塞尔指数术前为53.78±16.66,术后48h为87.21±15.93,两者有显著性差异(P＜0.001).本组中8例在PMMA注射过程中进入椎体的两侧或前方,1例进入椎间盘和椎管,2例进入静脉,1例进入肺动脉,但患者均无临床症状.结论经皮椎体成形术能迅速缓解患者的临床症状和体征.     

手第五掌骨远端骨折不同手术方式疗效比较

目的 对比分析手第五掌骨远端骨折不同手术方式的疗效.方法 选取手第五掌骨远端骨折40例,采取数字表法随机分为3组,采取髓内针内固定14例(A组),第四、五掌骨克氏针外固定架12例(B组),钢板螺钉内固定14例(C组),比较3组内固定方式的手术时间、骨折复位程度、骨折愈合时间、术后4个月颈干角、掌指关节功能及并发症发生情况.结果 所有病例骨折均获得愈合,无感染及皮肤坏死,髓内针固定组在手术时间、骨折愈合时间、掌指关节功能及并发症发生方面均优于钢板固定及第4、5掌骨克氏针固定组.结论 髓内针固定手第五掌骨远端骨折,可以减少并发症发生,尽早恢复关节功能,值得临床推广.     

氨甲环酸腔内注射对股骨粗隆间骨折闭合髓内钉内固定潜在失血量的影响

目的 探究氨甲环酸对于股骨粗隆间骨折闭合髓内钉(InterTan)内固定潜在失血的临床疗效和安全性.方法 选择2014年6月至2016年6月安徽医科大学附属巢湖医院接受股骨粗隆间骨折髓内钉内固定手术治疗的100例患者为研究对象,分层随机分为对照组和观察组(各50例).其中对照组在手术扩髓后给予0.9%氯化钠溶液250 mL腔内注射;观察组则以250 mL的氨甲环酸溶液腔内注射.比较两组患者手术前后的血红蛋白变化以及输血情况;手术过程中的可见失血量、潜在失血量和总失血量;并在术后利用超声检查下肢深静脉血栓形成情况.结果 两组患者术前血红蛋白差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者术后连续3 d的血红蛋白含量均高于对照组;观察组19例患者需行输血,而对照组32例需要输血;观察组输血量为(228.95±60.82)mL,明显少于对照组(P<0.01);两组患者在可见失血量方面差异无统计学意义[(155.20±17.87)mL比(156.80±10.39)mL,P>0.05],但观察组患者的潜在失血量[(794.09±234.19)mL比(1094.7±269.3)mL]和总失血量[(950.89±237.54)mL比(1249.9±270.03)mL]均明显少于对照组(P<0.01);术后两组均未出现下肢深静脉血栓.结论 临床上使用氨甲环酸对髓内钉内固定潜在失血的临床疗效明显,显著降低患者的失血量,并且具有较高的安全性,因此值得应用和推广.     

Effect of a sequential treatment combining abaloparatide and alendronate for the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis

The recently published results of the sequential treatment of postmenopausal osteoporotic women with subcutaneous abaloparatide (80 µg/day) (ABL) for 18 months followed by 6 months of oral alendronate (70 mg/week) (ALN) support the administration of an anti-resorptive agent after completion of a treatment course with an osteoanabolic agent. The ABL/ALN sequence resulted in greater bone mineral density gains at all skeletal sites and in a reduction of vertebral, non-vertebral, major and clinical fractures compared to what is observed after 18 months of placebo followed by 6 months of ALN. Whereas questions remained unanswered about the ideal anti-resorptive agent to be used after ABL, the optimal duration of the administration of the anti-resorptive drug or the potential interest of re-initiating a course of ABL after a limited administration of ALN, these results support the use of the ABL/ALN sequence in the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis.     

膝关节假体周围胫骨骨折研究进展

全膝关节置换术后,由于胫骨周围软组织的特殊性和假体松动,膝关节假体周围骨折已成为一个具有挑战性的难题。因此,合理治疗膝关节假体周围骨折对于恢复膝关节功能至关重要。这种骨折的合理处理要求术前仔细参阅影像学资料和了解完整的临床病史,同时需排除假体周围感染。膝关节假体周围胫骨骨折最常见的类型是胫骨平台周围骨折。对于稳定的膝关节假体周围胫骨骨折可保守治疗,但需定期复查。不稳定的膝关节假体周围胫骨骨折应立即手术治疗,但具体手术方式应视骨折分型而定。本文就膝关节假体周围胫骨骨折近年的研究进展作一综述,旨在为膝关节假体周围胫骨骨折的临床治疗提供参考。     

Dental and craniofacial characteristics caused by the p.Ser40Leu mutation in IFITM5

Severe forms of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) are usually caused by mutations in genes that code for collagen Type I and frequently are associated with craniofacial abnormalities. However, the dental and craniofacial characteristics of OI caused by the p.Ser40Leu mutation in the IFITM5 gene have not been reported. We investigated a 15‐year‐old girl with severe OI caused by this mutation. She had marked deformations of extremity long bones. There were no clinical or radiological signs of dentinogenesis imperfecta, but one tooth was missing and several teeth were impacted. Cone beam computed tomography revealed a generalized osteopenic appearance of the craniofacial skeleton, bilateral enlargement of mandibular bodies, and areas of cortical erosions. The cranial base and skull showed a generalized granular bone pattern with a mixture of osteosclerosis and osteolysis. Sphenoid and frontal sinuses were congenitally missing. Cephalometric analysis indicated a Class III growth pattern. In this case, the IFITM5 p.Ser40Leu mutation did not affect tooth structure but was associated with deformities in craniofacial bones that resemble those in the other parts of the skeleton.